Fr-IPA/Documentation
De Mi caja de notas
< Modèle:Fr-IPA
Modèle:Documentation subpage This template uses Module:fr-pron to generate the IPA pronunciation of French words or text. If no parameter is provided, it will use the page title. Normally the text should be the standard written form of the text.
Examples
Many tricky cases are handled correctly.
Text | Result | Comments |
---|---|---|
intransitives | fr_IPA}} | |
château | fr_IPA}} | |
accueil | fr_IPA}} | |
plomb | fr_IPA}} | |
prudemment | fr_IPA}} | |
mangeait | fr_IPA}} | |
baignoire | fr_IPA}} | |
étudiions | fr_IPA}} | |
joindre | fr_IPA}} | |
shopping | fr_IPA}} | |
tînmes | fr_IPA}} | |
Cameroun | fr_IPA}} | -oun is not a nasal vowel |
prier | fr_IPA}} | i before a vowel after Cl and Cr is Modèle:IPAchar not Modèle:IPAchar |
truelle | fr_IPA}} | u before a vowel after Cl and Cr is Modèle:IPAchar not Modèle:IPAchar |
bruit | fr_IPA}} | but ui is always Modèle:IPAchar |
troua | fr_IPA}} | ou before a vowel after Cl and Cr is Modèle:IPAchar not Modèle:IPAchar |
trois | fr_IPA}} | but oi is always Modèle:IPAchar |
dresser | fr_IPA}} | e before ss is usually Modèle:IPAchar |
essaim | fr_IPA}} | but initial e before ss is Modèle:IPAchar |
ressemelez | fr_IPA}} | and initial ress- is Modèle:IPAchar |
vous ressemelez | fr_IPA}} | note the schwa handling in this and the previous example |
aimerons | fr_IPA}} | |
aimerions | fr_IPA}} | note the schwa handling in this and the previous example |
ouest | fr_IPA}} | final -st is pronounced by default |
il est | fr_IPA}} | but {{fr|est}}, {{fr|es}} and {{fr|et}} are special-cased |
But in some cases it is necessary to use respelling to indicate the correct pronunciation. Example:
Text | Result | Respelling | Result | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
hiver | fr_IPA}} | hivèr, hiverre | fr_IPA}} | -r in final -er not pronounced by default |
fils | fr_IPA}} | fisse | fr_IPA}} | another possibility is fiç |
soixante | fr_IPA}} | soissante | fr_IPA}} | another possibility is soiçante |
août | fr_IPA}} | oute | fr_IPA}} | |
mille | fr_IPA}} | mile | fr_IPA}} | -ill after a consonant is pronounced by default like fille |
caoutchouc | fr_IPA}} | caoutchou | fr_IPA}} | final -c after a vowel is pronounced by default |
suspect | fr_IPA}} | suspet | fr_IPA}} | final -ct after a vowel is pronounced by default |
chaos | fr_IPA}} | caos | fr_IPA}} | |
donc | fr_IPA}} | donque | fr_IPA}} | final -c in -nc is not pronounced by default |
parfum | fr_IPA}} | parfun | fr_IPA}} | final -um pronounced by default like maximum |
shampooing | fr_IPA}} | shampoing | fr_IPA}} | |
œufs | fr_IPA}} | œux | fr_IPA}} | |
Vientiane | fr_IPA}} | Viaintiane | fr_IPA}} | |
cowboy | fr_IPA}} | cauboille | fr_IPA}} | English loanwords usually require respelling |
boycotter | fr_IPA}} | boillcotter | fr_IPA}} | note that -ill- can be used even before a consonant |
Use Modèle:Para to indicate that a word is a verb. This currently only affects final {{fr|-ai}}, {{fr|-ent}}, and {{fr|-tions}}.
Text | Result without pos=v | Result with pos=v | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
aimerai | fr_IPA}} | fr_IPA}} | |
aiment | fr_IPA}} | fr_IPA}} | |
portions | fr_IPA}} | fr_IPA}} |
Use the symbols ŏ, eŭ, ă to force the "lax" sounds Modèle:IPAchar Modèle:IPAchar Modèle:IPAchar in certain circumstances where the "tense" variants Modèle:IPAchar Modèle:IPAchar Modèle:IPAchar would otherwise be used (see below). These are the opposite of the standard symbols ô, eû, â, which force the "tense" variants.
Text | Result | Respelling | Result | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
sosie | fr_IPA}} | sŏsie | fr_IPA}} | o is Modèle:IPAchar before Modèle:IPAchar |
putter (respelled "peuter") | fr_IPA}} | peŭter | fr_IPA}} | eu is Modèle:IPAchar word-initially and before Modèle:IPAchar |
aimas | fr_IPA}} | aimăs | fr_IPA}} | a is Modèle:IPAchar before final written s, z |
Schwas of various sorts:
- Use ə (a schwa symbol) to force a normal schwa where e would otherwise be interpreted differently (e.g. in -ess-; but note that ress- Modèle:IPAchar is special-cased). This may be indicated as mandatory, optional or deleted depending on context, exactly like any other schwa.
- Use (ə) (a schwa in parens) to force an optional schwa.
- Use ĕ to force an always-pronounced schwa.
- Use ė to force a never-pronounced schwa.
Text | Result | Respelling | Result | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
dessous | fr_IPA}} | dəssous | fr_IPA}} | another possibility is the respelling deçous |
sens dessus dessous | fr_IPA}} | sens dəssus dəssous | fr_IPA}} | shown here as optional, just as normal e would |
syndrome d'Asperger | fr_IPA}} | syndrome d'Asperguĕr | fr_IPA}} | regular ə would also work here |
Use an underscore to break up a set of letters that would be interpreted specially and force the letters on either side to be interpreted on their own. Examples:
Text | Result | Respelling | Result | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
gnou | fr_IPA}} | g_nou | fr_IPA}} | |
week-end | fr_IPA}} | wik-e_nde | fr_IPA}} | use an underscore between vowel and n to force the n to be fully pronounced |
sprinter | fr_IPA}} | spri_nter | fr_IPA}} | another possibility is the respelling sprineter or sprinėter |
amuïr | fr_IPA}} | amu_ir | fr_IPA}} | |
Washington | fr_IPA}} | Washing_tonne | fr_IPA}} | -ing after consonant is Modèle:IPAchar if final or followed by an underscore |
Use the symbol ‿ to indicate liaison.
Text | Result | Respelling | Result |
---|---|---|---|
vous avez | fr_IPA}} | vous‿avez | fr_IPA}} |
s'en aller | fr_IPA}} | s'en‿aller | fr_IPA}} |
bon ami | fr_IPA}} | bon‿ami | fr_IPA}} |
pied-à-terre | fr_IPA}} | pied‿à-terre | fr_IPA}} |
premier étage | fr_IPA}} | premier‿étage | fr_IPA}} |
peut-être | fr_IPA}} | peut‿être | fr_IPA}} |
neuf ans | fr_IPA}} | neuf‿ans | fr_IPA}} |
beaux-arts | fr_IPA}} | beaux‿arts | fr_IPA}} |
jouent-ils, pos=v | fr_IPA}} | jouent‿ils, pos=v | fr_IPA}} |
Many more examples can be found in Module:fr-pron/testcases.
Parameters
Modèle:Para, Modèle:Para, etc. are used to indicate one or more pronunciations, possibly respelled. See examples above for how this respelling works. An omitted parameter defaults to the pagename. You can indicate multiple pronunciations, e.g.
- Modèle:Temp: {{#invoke:fr-pron|fr_IPA}}
Modèle:Para indicates that a word in the text is a verb, and controls the handling of certain endings (-ai, -ent, -tions); see examples above.
You can tag any pronunciation with a qualifier using Modèle:Para, Modèle:Para, etc. and a reference using Modèle:Para, Modèle:Para, etc., as with Modèle:Temp.
Details
Consonants
- b is normally Modèle:IPAchar, but:
- It is silent in final -mb(s).
- It is Modèle:IPAchar in the sequence bs ({{fr|obstacle}}).
- c is normally Modèle:IPAchar, but:
- It is Modèle:IPAchar before a front vowel, i.e. e, i, y, æ, ə or accented versions of these; also œ ({{fr|cœliaque}}), except in the sequence œu ({{fr|cœur}} with Modèle:IPAchar). To get a hard c before a front vowel, write k or qu; to get a soft c before a back vowel, write ç.
- ch is Modèle:IPAchar.
- c is silent in final nc(t)(s).
- ç is always Modèle:IPAchar.
- d is Modèle:IPAchar, but:
- It is silent in final -d and -ds. -ied(s) is Modèle:IPAchar (Modèle:L, Modèle:L, etc.).
- f is always Modèle:IPAchar.
- g is normally Modèle:IPAchar (note, this is a special IPA character, not the normal g character), except:
- g is Modèle:IPAchar before a front vowel, i.e. e, i, y, æ, ə or accented versions of these; also œ, except in the sequence œu ({{fr|Argœuves}} with Modèle:IPAchar). To get a hard g before a front vowel, write gu; to get a soft g before a back vowel, write j; to get a pronounced gu before a front vowel, write gü.
- gn is Modèle:IPAchar. To get Modèle:IPAchar, write g_n.
- Modèle:Anchor ng is Modèle:IPAchar (as in {{fr|parking}}, {{fr|shopping}}) in the sequence consonant+ing when word-finally, before final s, or before _. Use _ to get ing -> Modèle:IPAchar elsewhere in a word, e.g. respell {{fr|Washington}} as Washing_tonne and {{fr|swinguer}} as swing_guer. Note that vowel+ing (as in {{fr|poing}}) is interpreted by the next rule.
- Final g(s) is silent, as in {{fr|rang}}, {{fr|long}}, {{fr|seing}}, {{fr|joug}} and plurals.
- g is silent in the sequence ngt, as in {{fr|vingt}}.
- h is normally silent. Note:
- ch, sh, sch, ssh are Modèle:IPAchar, except that initial désh- is Modèle:IPAchar ({{fr|déshonorer}}, {{fr|déshabitué}}).
- ph is Modèle:IPAchar.
- h between vowels prevents conversion of Modèle:IPAchar and Modèle:IPAchar into glides (as in {{fr|nihilisme}}, {{fr|jihad}} respelled djihade), but does not have a similar effect on Modèle:IPAchar (hence {{fr|souhaite}} is rendered as Modèle:IPAchar).
- Modèle:Anchor nh is treated as if spelled n (as in {{fr|inhérent}}, {{fr|anhédonie}}), except in word-initial enh-, rendered as Modèle:IPAchar (as in {{fr|enhardir}}, {{fr|enhaché}}, {{fr|enhucher}}). For words where the h is "mute" and the enh- needs to be rendered as Modèle:IPAchar ({{fr|enharmonie}}, {{fr|enherber}}), use a respelling beginning with enn-.
- Word-initial eu- is normally rendered as Modèle:IPAchar, but word-initial h blocks this, hence {{fr|euro}} is Modèle:IPAchar but {{fr|heureux}} is Modèle:IPAchar.
- j is always Modèle:IPAchar.
- k is always Modèle:IPAchar.
- l is Modèle:IPAchar, except:
- ill is Modèle:IPAchar after a vowel ({{fr|faillir}}), Modèle:IPAchar after a consonant {{fr|fille}}, and Modèle:IPAchar word-initially {{fr|illustrer}}. This applies regardless of what follows, which is useful in respellings (e.g. {{fr|boycotter}} can be respelled boillcotter to get Modèle:IPAchar). An exception is the sequence uill following a consonant, which is rendered Modèle:IPAchar (as in {{fr|juillet}}, {{fr|cuillère}}) rather than expected *Modèle:IPAchar. Note that many words having ill after a consonant are pronounced with Modèle:IPAchar rather than Modèle:IPAchar ({{fr|mille}}, {{fr|village}}, {{fr|tranquillité}}), and will need respelling using il.
- The sequence oil is Modèle:IPAchar ({{fr|poil}}), unless another l follows (to allow respellings like cauboille Modèle:IPAchar for {{fr|cowboy}}).
- Otherwise, word-final il(s) is Modèle:IPAchar after a vowel ({{fr|travail}}, {{fr|orteil}}), Modèle:IPAchar otherwise ({{fr|ils}}, {{fr|avril}}, {{fr|profil}}).
- In the sequence vowel+il+consonant, il is rendered as Modèle:IPAchar; this is an alternative way to get Modèle:IPAchar in respellings.
- Special cases:
- œil ({{fr|œil}}, {{fr|œillet}}) is interpreted as if spelled œuil.
- cueil ({{fr|accueil}}) is interpreted as if spelled keuil.
- gueil ({{fr|orgueil}}) is interpreted as if spelled gueuil.
- oel, oêl ({{fr|moelle}}, {{fr|poêle}}) are interpreted as if spelled wal.
- m is Modèle:IPAchar, except that it normally indicates nasalization when preceding b, p, or f ({{fr|tomber}}, {{fr|imprimer}}, {{fr|symphonie}}), and also in the word-final sequences om(s), aim(s), eim(s) (Modèle:L, Modèle:L, Modèle:L). Exceptions and special cases:
- The sequence oum represents Modèle:IPAchar ({{fr|schtroumpf}}), not a nasal vowel.
- Word-final um(s) represents Modèle:IPAchar ({{fr|maximum}}, {{fr|album}}).
- n is normally Modèle:IPAchar, but usually indicates nasalization when following a vowel and not preceding a vowel or another n. Exceptions and special cases:
- The sequence oun represents Modèle:IPAchar ({{fr|Cameroun}}, {{fr|Bouroundi}}), not a nasal vowel.
- Word-final ing(s) after a consonant represents Modèle:IPAchar ({{fr|parking}}, {{fr|shopping}}). See the entry for g above for the precise rules.
- nh is rendered as Modèle:IPAchar except in word-initial enh-. See the entry for h above for the precise rules.
- p is Modèle:IPAchar, except:
- ph is Modèle:IPAchar ({{fr|philosophe}}).
- Word-final p(s) is silent ({{fr|drap}}, {{fr|loup}}, {{fr|corps}}).
- The sequence compt is as if spelled cont ({{fr|compte}}, {{fr|comptable}}, {{fr|décompter}}).
- q and qu are always Modèle:IPAchar. To represent a pronounced u, use ü if pronounced Modèle:IPAchar (as in {{fr|aquifère}}, {{fr|ubiquité}}), and w if pronounced Modèle:IPAchar (as in {{fr|adéquat}}, {{fr|équanimité}}, {{fr|squatter}}).
- r is Modèle:IPAchar, but is silent in final -er(s), which is rendered Modèle:IPAchar ({{fr|aimer}}, {{fr|volontiers}}, {{fr|dîners}}, {{fr|papiers}}). Exception: -er(s) in single-syllable words ({{fr|cher}}, {{fr|vers}}) is rendered Modèle:IPAchar. Words with pronounced final -er(s) in multisyllabic words will need respelling with -erre, e.g. {{fr|travers}}, {{fr|tiers}}.
- s is normally Modèle:IPAchar, but:
- It is Modèle:IPAchar between vowels and silent word-finally.
- Words where s between vowels is Modèle:IPAchar ({{fr|asocial}}, {{fr|susurrer}}) will need respelling with ç, ss or (if before a front vowel) c. (Be careful with respelling using ss, as it may change the interpretation of a preceding e.)
- Words where final s is pronounced ({{fr|ours}}, {{fr|métis}}, {{fr|sens}}) will need respelling (e.g. ourse/ource/ourss/ourç/etc., métisse, sense).
- sh, sch, ssh are Modèle:IPAchar, except that initial désh- is Modèle:IPAchar ({{fr|déshonorer}}, {{fr|déshabitué}}).
- In initial trans- and intrans- preceding a vowel, s is Modèle:IPAchar.
- Modèle:Anchor The words es and est are rendered as if spelled ès and èt, respectively (i.e. they will be rendered as Modèle:IPAchar except in a liaison context).
- Except in the word est, final -st is pronounced ({{fr|ouest}}, {{fr|podcast}}, {{fr|permafrost}}).
- t is normally Modèle:IPAchar, but:
- Word-final t(s) is silent except in st(s) ({{fr|ouest}}, {{fr|podcasts}}, {{fr|permafrost}}) and ct(s) ({{fr|correct}}, {{fr|compact}}); but it **is** silent in nct(s) ({{fr|instinct}}, {{fr|succinct}}). The word {{fr|est}} is handled specially; see above for details. Note that final -et(s) is rendered Modèle:IPAchar ({{fr|effet}}, {{fr|filets}}).
- t in the sequences tion ({{fr|portion}}, {{fr|national}}, {{fr|sélection}}), tien ({{fr|martien}}, {{fr|quotient}}, {{fr|patience}}), tial ({{fr|partial}}, {{fr|initialiser}}), tiel ({{fr|présidentiel}}, {{fr|substantiellement}}) is pronounced Modèle:IPAchar, except when those sequences come at the beginning of a word ({{fr|tien}}, {{fr|tiens}}) or directly follow s, x or ç ({{fr|combustion}}, {{fr|questionnaire}}, {{fr|admixtion}}). To force a Modèle:IPAchar in these sequences, insert an underscore after the t, e.g. {{fr|cation}} spelled cat_ion, {{fr|chrétien}} spelled crét_ien.
- As an exception to the above rule, final -tions is rendered with Modèle:IPAchar not Modèle:IPAchar when Modèle:Para ({{fr|portions}}, {{fr|collections}} with final Modèle:IPAchar as plural nouns, but final Modèle:IPAchar as present subjunctive verbs).
- v is always Modèle:IPAchar.
- w is always Modèle:IPAchar.
- x is normally Modèle:IPAchar, but:
- Word-final x is silent after i and u ({{fr|prix}}, {{fr|paix}}, {{fr|chevaux}}, {{fr|deux}}, {{fr|bijoux}}). It is pronounced after other letters ({{fr|inox}}, {{fr|latex}}, {{fr|Max}}).
- Word-initial x is Modèle:IPAchar ({{fr|xénon}}, {{fr|xylophone}}).
- x is also Modèle:IPAchar in the following circumstances: word-initial ex- ({{fr|exister}}, {{fr|examen}}), word-initial hex- ({{fr|hexane}}), word-initial inex- ({{fr|inexorable}}), and -ex- after a vowel ({{fr|coexister}}, {{fr|réexaminer}}).
- z is normally Modèle:IPAchar, but:
- Final z is silent ({{fr|allez}}, {{fr|nez}}). [FIXME: Should only apply to -ez.] Final -ez is rendered as Modèle:IPAchar.
Vowels
- a is Modèle:IPAchar, except that it is Modèle:IPAchar before final -s and -z.
- (continue to fill in)