Mostaganem

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Mostaganem
مستغانم
City
El Arsa Park
Tobana Mosque
Dar El Kaïd
Dar Hamid El Abdi
Bordj Ettork and Mostaganem Tramway
Zawiya Al-Alawiyya of Mostaganem
Cap Ivi lighthouse
Mostaland
Official seal of Mostaganem
Seal
Nickname: 
Pearl of the Mediterranean
Mostaganem is located in Algeria
Mostaganem
Mostaganem
Coordinates: 35°56′N 0°5′E / 35.933°N 0.083°E / 35.933; 0.083
Country Algeria
ProvinceMostaganem Province
DistrictMostaganem District
Area
 • Total
50 km2 (19 sq mi)
Elevation
104 m (341 ft)
Population
 (2014 census)
 • Total
245,330
 • Density4,900/km2 (13,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
Postal code
27000

Mostaganem (Arabic: مستغانم, romanized: Mustaghānim, Berber languages: ⵎⵓⵙⵜⴰⵖⴰⵏⵎ, romanized: Mustaɣanm) is a Mediterranean sea port and capital city of Mostaganem province, in the northwest of Algeria in the Gulf of Arzew. The city was founded in the 11th century and is 72 kilometres (45 mi) ENE of Oran. The city was founded in the 11th century as Murustage but has origins going back to Punic and Roman times. In 1516, it was captured by the Ottoman admiral Barbarossa and became a centre for Mediterranean sea corsairs, as well as a commercial port. By 1700, it had come under Ottoman rule. In 1833, the city was taken by France and a garrison established. Algeria became independent in 1962. It is the second-largest city in the country's northwest, after Oran, and Algeria's fourth-largest port city with 406,190 inhabitants as of the 2019 census.[1]

Mostaganem is home to the medical provider and college, the University of Mostaganem which was established in 1979. The University is referred to locally as the University of Abdelhamid Ibn Badis (UMAB). The name is taken from Abdelhamid Ibn Badis who is a popular figure of Muslim reform movements in Algeria. The university offers curriculums from Bachelor's to Doctorate's in computer science as well as a medical Doctorate's. [2]

The city's major sports teams are ESA Mostaganem, and WA Mostaganem. Both are Algerian football teams and both play in the Mohamed Bensaïd Stadium.

Etymology

Mostaganem is said to correspond to the ancient Punic port of Murustaga. It is claimed that after becoming part of the Roman Empire, it was renamed to Cartennae under the emperor Gallienus (253–268).[3][better source needed] However, according to academics, Cartennae (or Cartenna or Cartennas) is modern Ténès, a town 50 km to the east of Mostaganem.[4][5] Murustaga is the name by which the town was known when it became a Christian bishopric, and by which it is referred to in the Catholic Church's list of episcopal sees.[6]

History

The coasts of Mostaganem in Piri Reis's book Kitab-ı Bahriye
The coasts of Mostaganem in Piri Reis's book the Kitab-ı Bahriye

The town was ruled by the Zirid dynasty between 973 and 1146. Then, it was conquered by the Almoravid dynasty, and reached its high point of power under Yusuf ibn Tashfin (c. 1061–1106). Mostaganem was later ruled by the Zayyanid dynasty of Tlemcen and it was conquered again by the Marinid dynasty of Fes. After that the Zayyanid dynasty took control of the city again. In the 16th century, the town resisted a Spanish invasion and came under the power of the Ottoman Hayreddin Barbarossa.[3]

WWII

Navy battalions set sail aboard L.S.Ts (Landing Ship Tanks) towards an unknown destination, code named "Island X". Island X would turn out to be the Gulf of Arzew in Northern Algeria. In April 1943, US Navy forces "D" company arrived in Mostaganem to build an amphibious port. The port in Mostaganem was the largest base of its kind. It had electricity, running water, roads, a hospital, and pontoon shops. The arrival of Allied forces in Mostaganem were welcome and the locals were friendly towards the soldiers.[7]

Geography

The city of Mostaganem is divided by the ravine of the Wadi Ain Sefra (River) . Mostaganem is considered to consist of two regions, the modern Eastern quarter, and Western quarter with the old Muslim city, Tidgit. The port and beaches occupy the south. [8] The Ain Safra River flooded the city of Mostaganem in 1900. Though recently, the Cheliff River flooding has caused property damage and loss of life notably in 2000, 2001, 2010, and 2017.[9]

Sidi Lakhdar beach.
The City has expanded three times it's size between 1962 and 2004 claiming 18 km of coastal zone. This growth in combination with agricultural and industrial activities have caused environmental concerns. [9]

Tourism

The city of Mostaganem features a port on the Mediterranean Sea that has a ferry[10], Amusement Park [11], commercial district, religious heritage sites, and beaches. [12]

Climate

Mostaganem has a mild Mediterranean climates (Köppen climate classification Csa). In winter there is more rainfall than in summer. The average annual temperature in Mostaganem is 17.9 °C (64.2 °F). About 347 mm (13.66 in) of precipitation falls annually.

Climate data for Mostaganem (1991-2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 25.8
(78.4) 		32.6
(90.7) 		34.5
(94.1) 		35.8
(96.4) 		42.5
(108.5) 		43.6
(110.5) 		45.9
(114.6) 		45.0
(113.0) 		39.6
(103.3) 		38.7
(101.7) 		32.0
(89.6) 		28.7
(83.7) 		45.9
(114.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 16.2
(61.2) 		17.0
(62.6) 		19.2
(66.6) 		21.3
(70.3) 		24.5
(76.1) 		28.3
(82.9) 		31.6
(88.9) 		32.3
(90.1) 		28.7
(83.7) 		25.2
(77.4) 		20.0
(68.0) 		17.3
(63.1) 		23.5
(74.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 11.0
(51.8) 		11.7
(53.1) 		13.6
(56.5) 		15.7
(60.3) 		18.9
(66.0) 		22.6
(72.7) 		25.7
(78.3) 		26.4
(79.5) 		23.3
(73.9) 		19.7
(67.5) 		15.0
(59.0) 		12.3
(54.1) 		18.0
(64.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 5.8
(42.4) 		6.3
(43.3) 		8.0
(46.4) 		10.0
(50.0) 		13.3
(55.9) 		16.8
(62.2) 		19.7
(67.5) 		20.4
(68.7) 		17.8
(64.0) 		14.2
(57.6) 		10.0
(50.0) 		7.4
(45.3) 		12.5
(54.5)
Record low °C (°F) −2.2
(28.0) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		0.2
(32.4) 		4.1
(39.4) 		6.6
(43.9) 		11.0
(51.8) 		10.7
(51.3) 		8.0
(46.4) 		4.2
(39.6) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		−2.2
(28.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 56.7
(2.23) 		46.9
(1.85) 		36.4
(1.43) 		38.1
(1.50) 		23.6
(0.93) 		3.9
(0.15) 		1.3
(0.05) 		3.0
(0.12) 		22.4
(0.88) 		33.4
(1.31) 		69.5
(2.74) 		55.4
(2.18) 		390.6
(15.38)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0mm) 6.3 6.2 5.0 4.7 2.9 0.9 0.4 0.7 2.9 4.6 7.2 6.1 47.9
Average relative humidity (%) 77 76 77 69 72 69 68 64 70 74 75 71 72
Mean daily sunshine hours 6.6 7.6 7.9 8.9 9.9 10.8 11.5 10.9 9.4 8.2 7.4 6.7 8.8
Source 1: NOAA (temperatures, precipitation 1991–2020)[13]
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity 1976-1995, sun 1961-1990)[14]

Present situation

In 2010 a tunnel under the city and towards the city center is expected to change traffic flow significantly. Also, new buildings, some modern and some in colonial style, are being added to this growing city. The new autoroute from the capital Algiers towards Oran will make it easier also to access Mostaganem by road from the capital, as Mostaganem has no public airport. The road connecting Oran (around 80 km from Mostaganem to the west) will remain the same, a crowded 2 lane in each direction highway.

The port of Mostaganem is being used for unloading of all sorts of cargo, ranging from provisions to cars and pipelines. As in most ports of Algeria, it is not allowed to sailors to exit the port and visit the city. The port is being shared by large transport vessels and fishing boats alike. A new, smaller port for fishing boats has been constructed, but is currently not used.

El Arsa

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ^ Armature urbaine (PDF) (Report). Series S: Statistiques Sociales, Algeria (in French). Vol. 163/2011. Office National des Statistiques. 2008. ISBN 978-9961-792-74-2. ISSN 1111–5114. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2013.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: ignored ISSN errors (link)
  2. ^ "University of Mostaganem Abdelhamid Ibn Badis". studyinalgeria.dz. Retrieved 14 February 2026.
  3. ^ a b Murustaga-Mostaganem Archived 1 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ J. D. Fage, Roland Anthony Oliver (editors), The Cambridge History of Africa, Vol. 2 (Cambridge University Press 1978 Archived 22 October 2023 at the Wayback Machine ISBN 978-0-52121592-3), p. 118
  5. ^ Early Christianity in North Africa François Decret, Early Christianity in North Africa (James Clarke & Co. 2014] Archived 22 October 2023 at the Wayback Machine ISBN 978-0-22790308-7), p. 84
  6. ^ Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 935
  7. ^ "Wayback Machine" (PDF). www.history.navy.mil. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 November 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2026. {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
  8. ^ "Mostaganem | Algeria, Mediterranean Coast, Port City". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 8 November 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2026.
  9. ^ a b Kikes, F; Aouniti, A; Corselli, C (July 2018). "Assessment of the coastal environment status in Western Algeria: Mostaganem case study". Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences – via Università Degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
  10. ^ "Mostaganem Ferries, Port Info & Travel Guide". ferryhopper. Retrieved 14 February 2026.
  11. ^ "Mostaland animal barn and amusement park - Mostaland". mostaland.dz. Retrieved 14 February 2026.
  12. ^ "Home - Direction of Tourism and Handicrafts Mostaganem". Direction of Tourism and Handicrafts Mostaganem. Archived from the original on 20 May 2025. Retrieved 14 February 2026.
  13. ^ "Mostaganem Climate Normals for 1991-2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  14. ^ "Klimadaten ausgewählter Wetterstationen: Algerien". Dwd.de (in German). Deutscher Wetterdinest. Archived from the original on 28 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  15. ^ "Louis-Félix-François Franchet d'Esperey | WWI, Allied Victory, Armistice". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 9 July 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2026.
  16. ^ "Cheikh Hamada". Discogs. Retrieved 13 February 2026.
  17. ^ "Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi - The Sanusi Order". Ghayb.com. Retrieved 13 February 2026.
  18. ^ "Mohamed Chouikh | Director, Actor, Writer". IMDb. Retrieved 13 February 2026.
  19. ^ "Shaykh Ahmad Al-'Alawi: Life and Work". www.worldwisdom.com. Retrieved 13 February 2026.
  20. ^ "Rudefoucauld, Alain Julien – éditions do". www.editionsdo.fr. Retrieved 13 February 2026.
  21. ^ "Abdelkader Ouali". www.myheritage.com. Retrieved 13 February 2026.
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