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		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Page créée avec « {{documentation subpage}} This template uses &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=Module:fr-pron&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Module:fr-pron (page inexistante)&quot;&gt;Module:fr-pron&lt;/a&gt; to generate the IPA pronunciation of French words or text. If no parameter is provided, it will use the pag… »&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nouvelle page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{documentation subpage}}&lt;br /&gt;
This template uses [[Module:fr-pron]] to generate the IPA pronunciation of French words or text. If no parameter is provided, it will use the page title. Normally the text should be the standard written form of the text.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Examples==&lt;br /&gt;
Many tricky cases are handled correctly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! Text !! Result !! Comments&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| intransitives || {{fr-IPA|intransitives}} ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| château || {{fr-IPA|château}} ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| accueil || {{fr-IPA|accueil}} ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| plomb || {{fr-IPA|plomb}} ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| prudemment || {{fr-IPA|prudemment}} ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| mangeait || {{fr-IPA|mangeait}} ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| baignoire || {{fr-IPA|baignoire}} ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| étudiions || {{fr-IPA|étudiions}} ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| joindre || {{fr-IPA|joindre}} ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| shopping || {{fr-IPA|shopping}} ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| tînmes || {{fr-IPA|tînmes}} ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Cameroun || {{fr-IPA|Cameroun}} || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-oun&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is not a nasal vowel&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| prier || {{fr-IPA|prier}} || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;i&amp;#039;&amp;#039; before a vowel after &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cl&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cr&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/ij/}} not {{IPAchar|/j/}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| truelle || {{fr-IPA|truelle}} || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;u&amp;#039;&amp;#039; before a vowel after &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cl&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cr&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/y/}} not {{IPAchar|/ɥ/}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| bruit || {{fr-IPA|bruit}} || but &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ui&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is always {{IPAchar|/ɥi/}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| troua || {{fr-IPA|troua}} || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ou&amp;#039;&amp;#039; before a vowel after &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cl&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cr&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/u/}} not {{IPAchar|/w/}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| trois || {{fr-IPA|trois}} || but &amp;#039;&amp;#039;oi&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is always {{IPAchar|/wa/}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| dresser || {{fr-IPA|dresser}} || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;e&amp;#039;&amp;#039; before &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ss&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is usually {{IPAchar|/ɛ/}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| essaim || {{fr-IPA|essaim}} || but initial &amp;#039;&amp;#039;e&amp;#039;&amp;#039; before &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ss&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/e/}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ressemelez || {{fr-IPA|ressemelez}} || and initial &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ress-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/rəs/}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| vous ressemelez || {{fr-IPA|vous ressemelez}} || note the schwa handling in this and the previous example&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| aimerons || {{fr-IPA|aimerons}} ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| aimerions || {{fr-IPA|aimerions}} || note the schwa handling in this and the previous example&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ouest || {{fr-IPA|ouest}} || final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-st&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is pronounced by default&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| il est || {{fr-IPA|il est}} || but {{m|fr|est}}, {{m|fr|es}} and {{m|fr|et}} are special-cased&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But in some cases it is necessary to use respelling to indicate the correct pronunciation. Example:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! Text !! Result !! Respelling !! Result !! Comments&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| hiver || {{fr-IPA|hiver}} || hivèr, hiverre || {{fr-IPA|hivèr}} || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-r&amp;#039;&amp;#039; in final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-er&amp;#039;&amp;#039; not pronounced by default&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| fils || {{fr-IPA|fils}} || fisse || {{fr-IPA|fisse}} || another possibility is &amp;#039;&amp;#039;fiç&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| soixante || {{fr-IPA|soixante}} || soissante || {{fr-IPA|soissante}} || another possibility is &amp;#039;&amp;#039;soiçante&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| août || {{fr-IPA|août}} || oute || {{fr-IPA|oute}} ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| mille || {{fr-IPA|mille}} || mile || {{fr-IPA|mile}} || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-ill&amp;#039;&amp;#039; after a consonant is pronounced by default like [[fille]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| caoutchouc || {{fr-IPA|caoutchouc}} || caoutchou || {{fr-IPA|caoutchou}} || final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-c&amp;#039;&amp;#039; after a vowel is pronounced by default&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| suspect || {{fr-IPA|suspect}} || suspet || {{fr-IPA|suspet}} || final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-ct&amp;#039;&amp;#039; after a vowel is pronounced by default&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| chaos || {{fr-IPA|chaos}} || caos || {{fr-IPA|caos}} ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| donc || {{fr-IPA|donc}} || donque || {{fr-IPA|donque}} || final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-c&amp;#039;&amp;#039; in &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-nc&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is not pronounced by default&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| parfum || {{fr-IPA|parfum}} || parfun || {{fr-IPA|parfun}} || final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-um&amp;#039;&amp;#039; pronounced by default like [[maximum]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| shampooing || {{fr-IPA|shampooing}} || shampoing || {{fr-IPA|shampoing}} ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| œufs || {{fr-IPA|œufs}} || œux || {{fr-IPA|œux}} ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Vientiane || {{fr-IPA|Vientiane}} || Viaintiane || {{fr-IPA|Viaintiane}} ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| cowboy || {{fr-IPA|cowboy}} || cauboille || {{fr-IPA|cauboille}} || English loanwords usually require respelling&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| boycotter || {{fr-IPA|boycotter}} || boillcotter || {{fr-IPA|boillcotter}} || note that &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-ill-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; can be used even before a consonant&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Use {{para|pos|v}} to indicate that a word is a verb. This currently only affects final {{m|fr|-ai}}, {{m|fr|-ent}}, and {{m|fr||-tions}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! Text !! Result without pos=v !! Result with pos=v !! Comments&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| aimerai || {{fr-IPA|aimerai}} || {{fr-IPA|aimerai|pos=v}} ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| aiment || {{fr-IPA|aiment}} || {{fr-IPA|aiment|pos=v}} ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| portions || {{fr-IPA|portions}} || {{fr-IPA|portions|pos=v}} ||&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Use the symbols &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ŏ&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;eŭ&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ă&amp;#039;&amp;#039; to force the &amp;quot;lax&amp;quot; sounds {{IPAchar|/ɔ/}} {{IPAchar|/œ/}} {{IPAchar|/a/}} in certain circumstances where the &amp;quot;tense&amp;quot; variants {{IPAchar|/o/}} {{IPAchar|/ø/}} {{IPAchar|/ɑ/}} would otherwise be used (see below). These are the opposite of the standard symbols &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ô&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;eû&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;â&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, which force the &amp;quot;tense&amp;quot; variants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! Text !! Result !! Respelling !! Result !! Comments&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| sosie || {{fr-IPA|sosie}} || sŏsie || {{fr-IPA|sŏsie}} || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;o&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/o/}} before {{IPAchar|/z/}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| putter (respelled &amp;quot;peuter&amp;quot;) || {{fr-IPA|peuter}} || peŭter || {{fr-IPA|peŭter}} || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;eu&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/ø/}} word-initially and before {{IPAchar|/t/}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| aimas || {{fr-IPA|aimas}} || aimăs || {{fr-IPA|aimăs}} || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;a&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/ɑ/}} before final written &amp;#039;&amp;#039;s&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Schwas of various sorts:&lt;br /&gt;
* Use &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ə&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (a schwa symbol) to force a normal schwa where &amp;#039;&amp;#039;e&amp;#039;&amp;#039; would otherwise be interpreted differently (e.g. in &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-ess-&amp;#039;&amp;#039;; but note that &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ress-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; {{IPAchar|/rəs/}} is special-cased). This may be indicated as mandatory, optional or deleted depending on context, exactly like any other schwa.&lt;br /&gt;
* Use &amp;#039;&amp;#039;(ə)&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (a schwa in parens) to force an optional schwa.&lt;br /&gt;
* Use &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ĕ&amp;#039;&amp;#039; to force an always-pronounced schwa.&lt;br /&gt;
* Use &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ė&amp;#039;&amp;#039; to force a never-pronounced schwa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! Text !! Result !! Respelling !! Result !! Comments&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| dessous || {{fr-IPA|dessous}} || dəssous || {{fr-IPA|dəssous}} || another possibility is the respelling &amp;#039;&amp;#039;deçous&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| sens dessus dessous || {{fr-IPA|sens dessus dessous}} || sens dəssus dəssous || {{fr-IPA|sens dəssus dəssous}} || shown here as optional, just as normal &amp;#039;&amp;#039;e&amp;#039;&amp;#039; would&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| syndrome d&amp;#039;Asperger || {{fr-IPA|syndrome d&amp;#039;Asperger}} || syndrome d&amp;#039;Asperguĕr || {{fr-IPA|syndrome d&amp;#039;Asperguĕr}} || regular &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ə&amp;#039;&amp;#039; would also work here&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Use an underscore to break up a set of letters that would be interpreted specially and force the letters on either side to be interpreted on their own. Examples:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! Text !! Result !! Respelling !! Result !! Comments&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| gnou || {{fr-IPA|gnou}} || g_nou || {{fr-IPA|g_nou}} ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| week-end || {{fr-IPA|week-end}} || wik-e_nde || {{fr-IPA|wik-e_nde}} || use an underscore between vowel and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;n&amp;#039;&amp;#039; to force the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;n&amp;#039;&amp;#039; to be fully pronounced&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| sprinter || {{fr-IPA|sprinter}} || spri_nter || {{fr-IPA|spri_nter}} || another possibility is the respelling &amp;#039;&amp;#039;sprineter&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;&amp;#039;sprinėter&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| amuïr || {{fr-IPA|amuïr}} || amu_ir || {{fr-IPA|amu_ir}} ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Washington || {{fr-IPA|Washington}} || Washing_tonne || {{fr-IPA|Washing_tonne}} || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-ing&amp;#039;&amp;#039; after consonant is {{IPAchar|/iŋ/}} if final or followed by an underscore&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Use the symbol ‿ to indicate [[liaison]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! Text !! Result !! Respelling !! Result &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| vous avez || {{fr-IPA|vous avez}} || vous‿avez || {{fr-IPA|vous‿avez}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| s&amp;#039;en aller || {{fr-IPA|s&amp;#039;en aller}} || s&amp;#039;en‿aller || {{fr-IPA|s&amp;#039;en‿aller}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| bon ami || {{fr-IPA|bon ami}} || bon‿ami || {{fr-IPA|bon‿ami}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| pied-à-terre || {{fr-IPA|pied-à-terre}} || pied‿à-terre || {{fr-IPA|pied‿à-terre}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| premier étage || {{fr-IPA|premier étage}} || premier‿étage || {{fr-IPA|premier‿étage}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| peut-être || {{fr-IPA|peut-être}} || peut‿être || {{fr-IPA|peut‿être}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| neuf ans || {{fr-IPA|neuf ans}} || neuf‿ans || {{fr-IPA|neuf‿ans}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| beaux-arts || {{fr-IPA|beaux-arts}} || beaux‿arts || {{fr-IPA|beaux‿arts}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| jouent-ils, pos=v || {{fr-IPA|jouent-ils|pos=v}} || jouent‿ils, pos=v || {{fr-IPA|jouent‿ils|pos=v}}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Many more examples can be found in [[Module:fr-pron/testcases]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Parameters==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{para|1}}, {{para|2}}, etc. are used to indicate one or more pronunciations, possibly respelled. See examples above for how this respelling works. An omitted parameter defaults to the pagename. You can indicate multiple pronunciations, e.g.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* {{temp|fr-IPA|phrâser|phraser}}: {{fr-IPA|phrâser|phraser}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{para|pos|v}} indicates that a word in the text is a verb, and controls the handling of certain endings (&amp;#039;&amp;#039;-ai&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-ent&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-tions&amp;#039;&amp;#039;); see examples above.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can tag any pronunciation with a qualifier using {{para|qual}}, {{para|qual2}}, etc. and a reference using {{para|n}}, {{para|n2}}, etc., as with {{temp|IPA}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Details==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Consonants===&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;b&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is normally {{IPAchar|/b/}}, but:&lt;br /&gt;
** It is silent in final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-mb(s)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
** It is {{IPAchar|/p/}} in the sequence &amp;#039;&amp;#039;bs&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{m|fr|obstacle}}).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;c&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is normally {{IPAchar|/k/}}, but:&lt;br /&gt;
** It is {{IPAchar|/s/}} before a front vowel, i.e. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;e&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;i&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;y&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;æ&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ə&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or accented versions of these; also &amp;#039;&amp;#039;œ&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{m|fr|cœliaque}}), except in the sequence &amp;#039;&amp;#039;œu&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{m|fr|cœur}} with {{IPAchar|/k/}}). To get a hard &amp;#039;&amp;#039;c&amp;#039;&amp;#039; before a front vowel, write &amp;#039;&amp;#039;k&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;&amp;#039;qu&amp;#039;&amp;#039;; to get a soft &amp;#039;&amp;#039;c&amp;#039;&amp;#039; before a back vowel, write &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ç&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ch&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/ʃ/}}.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;#039;&amp;#039;c&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is silent in final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;nc(t)(s)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ç&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is always {{IPAchar|/s/}}.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;d&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/d/}}, but:&lt;br /&gt;
* It is silent in final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-d&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-ds&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-ied(s)&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/je/}} ({{l|fr|pied}}, {{l|fr|assieds}}, etc.).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;f&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is always {{IPAchar|/f/}}.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;g&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is normally {{IPAchar|/ɡ/}} (note, this is a special IPA character, not the normal &amp;#039;&amp;#039;g&amp;#039;&amp;#039; character), except:&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;#039;&amp;#039;g&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/ʒ/}} before a front vowel, i.e. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;e&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;i&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;y&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;æ&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ə&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or accented versions of these; also &amp;#039;&amp;#039;œ&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, except in the sequence &amp;#039;&amp;#039;œu&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{m|fr|Argœuves}} with {{IPAchar|/ɡ/}}). To get a hard &amp;#039;&amp;#039;g&amp;#039;&amp;#039; before a front vowel, write &amp;#039;&amp;#039;gu&amp;#039;&amp;#039;; to get a soft &amp;#039;&amp;#039;g&amp;#039;&amp;#039; before a back vowel, write &amp;#039;&amp;#039;j&amp;#039;&amp;#039;; to get a pronounced &amp;#039;&amp;#039;gu&amp;#039;&amp;#039; before a front vowel, write &amp;#039;&amp;#039;gü&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;#039;&amp;#039;gn&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/ɲ/}}. To get {{IPAchar|/ɡn/}}, write &amp;#039;&amp;#039;g_n&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
** {{anchor|ng}} &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ng&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/ŋ/}} (as in {{m|fr|parking}}, {{m|fr|shopping}}) in the sequence consonant+&amp;#039;&amp;#039;ing&amp;#039;&amp;#039; when word-finally, before final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;s&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, or before &amp;#039;&amp;#039;_&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. Use &amp;#039;&amp;#039;_&amp;#039;&amp;#039; to get &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ing&amp;#039;&amp;#039; -&amp;gt; {{IPAchar|/iŋ/}} elsewhere in a word, e.g. respell {{m|fr|Washington}} as &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Washing_tonne&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and {{m|fr|swinguer}} as &amp;#039;&amp;#039;swing_guer&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. Note that vowel+&amp;#039;&amp;#039;ing&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (as in {{m|fr|poing}}) is interpreted by the next rule.&lt;br /&gt;
** Final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;g(s)&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is silent, as in {{m|fr|rang}}, {{m|fr|long}}, {{m|fr|seing}}, {{m|fr|joug}} and plurals.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;#039;&amp;#039;g&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is silent in the sequence &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ngt&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, as in {{m|fr|vingt}}.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;h&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is normally silent. Note:&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ch&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;sh&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;sch&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ssh&amp;#039;&amp;#039; are {{IPAchar|/ʃ/}}, except that initial &amp;#039;&amp;#039;désh-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/dez/}} ({{m|fr|déshonorer}}, {{m|fr|déshabitué}}).&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ph&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/f/}}.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;#039;&amp;#039;h&amp;#039;&amp;#039; between vowels prevents conversion of {{IPAchar|/i/}} and {{IPAchar|/y/}} into glides (as in {{m|fr|nihilisme}}, {{m|fr|jihad}} respelled &amp;#039;&amp;#039;djihade&amp;#039;&amp;#039;), but does not have a similar effect on {{IPAchar|/u/}} (hence {{m|fr|souhaite}} is rendered as {{IPAchar|/swɛt/}}).&lt;br /&gt;
** {{anchor|nh}} &amp;#039;&amp;#039;nh&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is treated as if spelled &amp;#039;&amp;#039;n&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (as in {{m|fr|inhérent}}, {{m|fr|anhédonie}}), except in word-initial &amp;#039;&amp;#039;enh-&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, rendered as {{IPAchar|/ɑ̃/}} (as in {{m|fr|enhardir}}, {{m|fr|enhaché}}, {{m|fr|enhucher}}). For words where the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;h&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is &amp;quot;mute&amp;quot; and the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;enh-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; needs to be rendered as {{IPAchar|/ɑ̃n/}} ({{m|fr|enharmonie}}, {{m|fr|enherber}}), use a respelling beginning with &amp;#039;&amp;#039;enn-&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
** Word-initial &amp;#039;&amp;#039;eu-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is normally rendered as {{IPAchar|/ø/}}, but word-initial &amp;#039;&amp;#039;h&amp;#039;&amp;#039; blocks this, hence {{m|fr|euro}} is {{IPAchar|/ø.ro/}} but {{m|fr|heureux}} is {{IPAchar|/œ.rø/}}.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;j&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is always {{IPAchar|/ʒ/}}.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;k&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is always {{IPAchar|/k/}}.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;l&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/l/}}, except:&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ill&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/j/}} after a vowel ({{m|fr|faillir}}), {{IPAchar|/ij/}} after a consonant {{m|fr|fille}}, and {{IPAchar|/il/}} word-initially {{m|fr|illustrer}}. This applies regardless of what follows, which is useful in respellings (e.g. {{m|fr|boycotter}} can be respelled &amp;#039;&amp;#039;boillcotter&amp;#039;&amp;#039; to get {{IPAchar|/bɔj.kɔ.te/}}). An exception is the sequence &amp;#039;&amp;#039;uill&amp;#039;&amp;#039; following a consonant, which is rendered {{IPAchar|/ɥij/}} (as in {{m|fr|juillet}}, {{m|fr|cuillère}}) rather than expected *{{IPAchar|/yj/}}. Note that many words having &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ill&amp;#039;&amp;#039; after a consonant are pronounced with {{IPAchar|/il/}} rather than {{IPAchar|/ij/}} ({{m|fr|mille}}, {{m|fr|village}}, {{m|fr|tranquillité}}), and will need respelling using &amp;#039;&amp;#039;il&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
** The sequence &amp;#039;&amp;#039;oil&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/wal/}} ({{m|fr|poil}}), unless another &amp;#039;&amp;#039;l&amp;#039;&amp;#039; follows (to allow respellings like &amp;#039;&amp;#039;cauboille&amp;#039;&amp;#039; {{IPAchar|/ko.bɔj/}} for {{m|fr|cowboy}}).&lt;br /&gt;
** Otherwise, word-final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;il(s)&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/j/}} after a vowel ({{m|fr|travail}}, {{m|fr|orteil}}), {{IPAchar|/il/}} otherwise ({{m|fr|ils}}, {{m|fr|avril}}, {{m|fr|profil}}).&lt;br /&gt;
** In the sequence vowel+&amp;#039;&amp;#039;il&amp;#039;&amp;#039;+consonant, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;il&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is rendered as {{IPAchar|/j/}}; this is an alternative way to get {{IPAchar|/j/}} in respellings.&lt;br /&gt;
** Special cases:&lt;br /&gt;
*** &amp;#039;&amp;#039;œil&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{m|fr|œil}}, {{m|fr|œillet}}) is interpreted as if spelled &amp;#039;&amp;#039;œuil&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
*** &amp;#039;&amp;#039;cueil&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{m|fr|accueil}}) is interpreted as if spelled &amp;#039;&amp;#039;keuil&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
*** &amp;#039;&amp;#039;gueil&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{m|fr|orgueil}}) is interpreted as if spelled &amp;#039;&amp;#039;gueuil&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
*** &amp;#039;&amp;#039;oel&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;oêl&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{m|fr|moelle}}, {{m|fr|poêle}}) are interpreted as if spelled &amp;#039;&amp;#039;wal&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;m&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/m/}}, except that it normally indicates nasalization when preceding &amp;#039;&amp;#039;b&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;p&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, or &amp;#039;&amp;#039;f&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{m|fr|tomber}}, {{m|fr|imprimer}}, {{m|fr|symphonie}}), and also in the word-final sequences &amp;#039;&amp;#039;om(s)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;aim(s)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;eim(s)&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{l|fr|faim}}, {{l|fr|Reims}}, {{l|fr|nom}}). Exceptions and special cases:&lt;br /&gt;
** The sequence &amp;#039;&amp;#039;oum&amp;#039;&amp;#039; represents {{IPAchar|/um/}} ({{m|fr|schtroumpf}}), not a nasal vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
** Word-final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;um(s)&amp;#039;&amp;#039; represents {{IPAchar|/ɔm/}} ({{m|fr|maximum}}, {{m|fr|album}}).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;n&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is normally {{IPAchar|/n/}}, but usually indicates nasalization when following a vowel and not preceding a vowel or another &amp;#039;&amp;#039;n&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. Exceptions and special cases:&lt;br /&gt;
** The sequence &amp;#039;&amp;#039;oun&amp;#039;&amp;#039; represents {{IPAchar|/un/}} ({{m|fr|Cameroun}}, {{m|fr|Bouroundi}}), not a nasal vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
** Word-final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ing(s)&amp;#039;&amp;#039; after a consonant represents {{IPAchar|/iŋ/}} ({{m|fr|parking}}, {{m|fr|shopping}}). See the [[#ng|entry for &amp;#039;&amp;#039;g&amp;#039;&amp;#039;]] above for the precise rules.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;#039;&amp;#039;nh&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is rendered as {{IPAchar|/n/}} except in word-initial &amp;#039;&amp;#039;enh-&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. See the [[#ng|entry for &amp;#039;&amp;#039;h&amp;#039;&amp;#039;]] above for the precise rules.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;p&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/p/}}, except:&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ph&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/f/}} ({{m|fr|philosophe}}).&lt;br /&gt;
** Word-final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;p(s)&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is silent ({{m|fr|drap}}, {{m|fr|loup}}, {{m|fr|corps}}).&lt;br /&gt;
** The sequence &amp;#039;&amp;#039;compt&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is as if spelled &amp;#039;&amp;#039;cont&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{m|fr|compte}}, {{m|fr|comptable}}, {{m|fr|décompter}}).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;q&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;qu&amp;#039;&amp;#039; are always {{IPAchar|/k/}}. To represent a pronounced &amp;#039;&amp;#039;u&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, use &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ü&amp;#039;&amp;#039; if pronounced {{IPAchar|/ɥ/}} (as in {{m|fr|aquifère}}, {{m|fr|ubiquité}}), and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;w&amp;#039;&amp;#039; if pronounced {{IPAchar|/w/}} (as in {{m|fr|adéquat}}, {{m|fr|équanimité}}, {{m|fr|squatter}}).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;r&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/ʁ/}}, but is silent in final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-er(s)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, which is rendered {{IPAchar|/e/}} ({{m|fr|aimer}}, {{m|fr|volontiers}}, {{m|fr|dîners}}, {{m|fr|papiers}}). Exception: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-er(s)&amp;#039;&amp;#039; in single-syllable words ({{m|fr|cher}}, {{m|fr|vers}}) is rendered {{IPAchar|/ɛʁ/}}. Words with pronounced final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-er(s)&amp;#039;&amp;#039; in multisyllabic words will need respelling with &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-erre&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, e.g. {{m|fr|travers}}, {{m|fr|tiers}}.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;s&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is normally {{IPAchar|/s/}}, but:&lt;br /&gt;
** It is {{IPAchar|/z/}} between vowels and silent word-finally.&lt;br /&gt;
** Words where &amp;#039;&amp;#039;s&amp;#039;&amp;#039; between vowels is {{IPAchar|/s/}} ({{m|fr|asocial}}, {{m|fr|susurrer}}) will need respelling with &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ç&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ss&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or (if before a front vowel) &amp;#039;&amp;#039;c&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. (Be careful with respelling using &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ss&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, as it may change the interpretation of a preceding &amp;#039;&amp;#039;e&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.)&lt;br /&gt;
** Words where final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;s&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is pronounced ({{m|fr|ours}}, {{m|fr|métis}}, {{m|fr|sens}}) will need respelling (e.g. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ourse/ource/ourss/ourç&amp;#039;&amp;#039;/etc., &amp;#039;&amp;#039;métisse&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;sense&amp;#039;&amp;#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;#039;&amp;#039;sh&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;sch&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ssh&amp;#039;&amp;#039; are {{IPAchar|/ʃ/}}, except that initial &amp;#039;&amp;#039;désh-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/dez/}} ({{m|fr|déshonorer}}, {{m|fr|déshabitué}}).&lt;br /&gt;
** In initial &amp;#039;&amp;#039;trans-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;intrans-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; preceding a vowel, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;s&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/z/}}.&lt;br /&gt;
** {{anchor|est}} The words &amp;#039;&amp;#039;es&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;est&amp;#039;&amp;#039; are rendered as if spelled &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ès&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;èt&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, respectively (i.e. they will be rendered as {{IPAchar|/ɛ/}} except in a liaison context).&lt;br /&gt;
** Except in the word &amp;#039;&amp;#039;est&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-st&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is pronounced ({{m|fr|ouest}}, {{m|fr|podcast}}, {{m|fr|permafrost}}).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;t&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is normally {{IPAchar|/t/}}, but:&lt;br /&gt;
** Word-final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;t(s)&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is silent except in &amp;#039;&amp;#039;st(s)&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{m|fr|ouest}}, {{m|fr|podcasts}}, {{m|fr|permafrost}}) and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ct(s)&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{m|fr|correct}}, {{m|fr|compact}}); but it **is** silent in &amp;#039;&amp;#039;nct(s)&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{m|fr|instinct}}, {{m|fr|succinct}}). The word {{m|fr|est}} is handled specially; see [[#est|above]] for details. Note that final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-et(s)&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is rendered {{IPAchar|/ɛ/}} ({{m|fr|effet}}, {{m|fr|filets}}).&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;#039;&amp;#039;t&amp;#039;&amp;#039; in the sequences &amp;#039;&amp;#039;tion&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{m|fr|portion}}, {{m|fr|national}}, {{m|fr|sélection}}), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;tien&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{m|fr|martien}}, {{m|fr|quotient}}, {{m|fr|patience}}), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;tial&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{m|fr|partial}}, {{m|fr|initialiser}}), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;tiel&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{m|fr|présidentiel}}, {{m|fr|substantiellement}}) is pronounced {{IPAchar|/s/}}, except when those sequences come at the beginning of a word ({{m|fr|tien}}, {{m|fr|tiens}}) or directly follow &amp;#039;&amp;#039;s&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;x&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ç&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{m|fr|combustion}}, {{m|fr|questionnaire}}, {{m|fr|admixtion}}). To force a {{IPAchar|/t/}} in these sequences, insert an underscore after the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;t&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, e.g. {{m|fr|cation}} spelled &amp;#039;&amp;#039;cat_ion&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, {{m|fr|chrétien}} spelled &amp;#039;&amp;#039;crét_ien&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
** As an exception to the above rule, final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-tions&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is rendered with {{IPAchar|/t/}} not {{IPAchar|/s/}} when {{para|pos|v}} ({{m|fr|portions}}, {{m|fr|collections}} with final {{IPAchar|/sjɔ̃/}} as plural nouns, but final {{IPAchar|/tjɔ̃/}} as present subjunctive verbs).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;v&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is always {{IPAchar|/v/}}.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;w&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is always {{IPAchar|/w/}}.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;x&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is normally {{IPAchar|/ks/}}, but:&lt;br /&gt;
** Word-final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;x&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is silent after &amp;#039;&amp;#039;i&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;u&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{m|fr|prix}}, {{m|fr|paix}}, {{m|fr|chevaux}}, {{m|fr|deux}}, {{m|fr|bijoux}}). It is pronounced after other letters ({{m|fr|inox}}, {{m|fr|latex}}, {{m|fr|Max}}).&lt;br /&gt;
** Word-initial &amp;#039;&amp;#039;x&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/ɡz/}} ({{m|fr|xénon}}, {{m|fr|xylophone}}).&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;#039;&amp;#039;x&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is also {{IPAchar|/ɡz/}} in the following circumstances: word-initial &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ex-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{m|fr|exister}}, {{m|fr|examen}}), word-initial &amp;#039;&amp;#039;hex-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{m|fr|hexane}}), word-initial &amp;#039;&amp;#039;inex-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{m|fr|inexorable}}), and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-ex-&amp;#039;&amp;#039; after a vowel ({{m|fr|coexister}}, {{m|fr|réexaminer}}).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is normally {{IPAchar|/z/}}, but:&lt;br /&gt;
** Final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is silent ({{m|fr|allez}}, {{m|fr|nez}}). [FIXME: Should only apply to &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-ez&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.] Final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-ez&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is rendered as {{IPAchar|/e/}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Vowels===&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;a&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is {{IPAchar|/a/}}, except that it is {{IPAchar|/ɑ/}} before final &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-s&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;-z&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
* (continue to fill in)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;includeonly&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:French templates|Pronunciation]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Pronunciation templates]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/includeonly&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xtof</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>