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[[File:SFParklet.jpg|thumb|right|A parklet on [[Valencia Street]] in [[San Francisco]].]]
A '''parklet''' is a [[sidewalk]] extension that provides more space and amenities for people using the [[street]]. Usually parklets are installed on parking lanes and use several [[parking space]]s. Parklets typically extend out from the sidewalk at the level of the sidewalk to the width of the adjacent parking space.<ref name=Parklet_Manual /><ref name="Experimenting with the Margin" />

Parklets are intended for people. Parklets offer a place to stop, to sit, and to [[leisure|rest]] while taking in the activities of the street. In instances where a parklet is not intended to accommodate people, it may provide greenery, [[art]], or some other visual amenity. A parklet may accommodate [[bicycle parking]] within it, or bicycle parking may be associated with it.<ref name="Experimenting with the Margin">{{cite book|last=Abad Ocubillo|first=Robin|title=Experimenting with the Margin: Parklets and Plazas as Catalysts in Community and Government|year=2012|publisher=University of Southern California|url=http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15799coll3/id/89034}}</ref>

A parklet may be thought of as permanent, but must be designed for quick and easy removal for [[emergency|emergencies]] or other reasons such as [[snow removal]] without damage to the [[curb (road)|curb]] or street. As initially conceived, a parklet is always [[public accommodation|open to the public]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sfpavementtoparks.sfplanning.org |title=Pavement to Parks |publisher=Sfpavementtoparks.sfplanning.org |date= |accessdate=2013-11-26}}</ref> However, some cities have allowed restaurants to create parklets that are not open to the public such as Long Beach, California, Fargo, North Dakota and Montreal, Quebec.<ref>{{cite web|last=City of Long Beach|title=Long Beach’s Very Own Retro Row is Home to the 1st Parklet in Southern California No. 9 Restaurant Also Participating in the City Pilot Program|url=http://www.longbeach.gov/news/displaynews.asp?NewsID=5648&TargetID=55|work=City of Long Beach}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=UCLA Complete Streets Initiative|title=Reclaiming the Right-of-Way: A Toolkit for Creating and Implementing Parklets|year=2012|publisher=UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs|location=Los Angeles, CA|url=http://www.its.ucla.edu/research/parklettoolkit.pdf}}</ref>

==History==
[[San Francisco]] has been credited with introducing the first parklet.<ref name="ames">{{cite news |last= Grunewald |first=Katie |url=http://www.iowastatedaily.com/news/article_d8fd6008-adf7-11e2-96a3-001a4bcf887a.html |title=Student Society of Landscape Architecture demonstrates parklet |publisher=Iowa State Daily |date=2013-04-26 |accessdate=2013-11-26}}</ref> Since then, parklets have been introduced in cities such as [[Ames, Iowa]]<ref name="ames"/> and [[Puebla de Zaragoza]], [[Mexico]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Inaugura Puebla Capital y Colegio de Arquitectos el concepto Parklets |url= http://www.cmicpuebla.org.mx/secciones/?se=1375|newspaper=Milenio| language=Spanish| accessdate= 2014-01-21}}</ref>

The world’s first formal public parklets were initially conceived by Italian/Brazilian designer and London resident Suzi Bolognese (Sb Design Studio) and installed in San Francisco in 2010.<ref>http://inhabitat.com/sao-paulo-replaces-parking-spots-with-mini-parklets-for-a-more-pedestrian-friendly-urban-environment/</ref>

In August 2012, the School of Architecture at University of Southern California published a graduate thesis "Experimenting with the Margin: Parklets and Plazas as Catalysts in Community and Government," which provided a comprehensive history of the creation of parklet and plaza programs in four California cities.<ref name="Experimenting with the Margin" /> In September 2012, the [[UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs]] published a report, "Reclaiming the Right-of-Way: A toolkit for Creating and Implementing Parklets", examining case studies for parklets in seven cities across North America.<ref>{{cite web| title= Complete Streets Initiative Releases Guide to Creating 'Parklets' | date=6 September 2012 | url= http://luskin.ucla.edu/news/school-public-affairs/complete-streets-initiative-releases-guide-creating-parklets | publisher= [[UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs]]| accessdate= 2014-01-21}}</ref> In February 2013, The San Francisco Planning Department published a Parklet Manual<ref name="Parklet_Manual">[http://sfpavementtoparks.sfplanning.org/docs/SF_P2P_Parklet_Manual_1.0_FULL.pdf San Francisco Parklet Manual, Version 1.0] (February 2013). San Francisco Planning Department</ref> which serves as a comprehensive overview of the goals, policies, process, procedures and guidelines for creating a parklet in San Francisco. The Manual also serves as a resource for those outside of San Francisco working to establish parklet programs in their own cities.

==Design and purpose==
[[File:Парклет Івано-Франківськ 01.jpg|thumb|right|A parklet in [[Ivano-Frankivsk]].]]
Parklets are designed to provide a [[public place]] for passersby to relax and enjoy the atmosphere of the city around them, in places where either current [[urban park]]s are lacking or where the existing sidewalk width is not large enough to accommodate vibrant street life activities. Parklets can be designed to be either permanent fixtures, or can be designed to be temporary/seasonal in places where snow removal is a concern. Seasonal parklets are found in New York City, Philadelphia, and Chicago.<ref name=Chicago>{{cite web|last=City of Chicago|title=People Spots|url=http://www.cityofchicago.org/city/en/depts/cdot/supp_info/make_way_for_people/people_spot.html}}</ref><ref name=Philadelphia>{{cite web|last=Saffron|first=Inga|title=Transforming parking spots to parklets: Philadelphia joins an urban trend|url=http://articles.philly.com/2011-08-04/news/29850967_1_spaces-parklets-parking-spots}}</ref> Many cities choose to install these sites in order to create more public space by creating "places for people to sit, relax and enjoy the city."<ref name=Van>{{cite web|last=City of Vancouver, BC|title=Parklets: converting street parking spaces to mini plazas|url=https://vancouver.ca/streets-transportation/parklets.aspx}}</ref> The Vancouver 2013 Parklet Pilot Program Guide explains parklets purpose and design as "benefit local businesses, residents, and visitors by providing unique public spaces that attract customers and foster community conversation. They can also have additional benefits such as adding more space for people to walk in congested areas. The typical design is a platform that extends the sidewalk and provides amenities like seats, tables, bike racks, and landscaping"<ref name="Van"/>

==Impact studies==
In September 2010, The San Francisco Great Streets Project (then part of the San Francisco Bicycle Coalition) published a study, "Divisadero Trial Parklet Impact Report," on one of the first eight parklets built in San Francisco.<ref name=Divisadero>{{cite book|last=Pratt|first=Liza|title=Divisadero Trial Parklet Impact Report|date=September 2010|publisher=San Francisco Great Streets Project|url=http://sfgreatstreets.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/DivisaderoReportPart1.pdf}}</ref> This study was followed in January 2012 by a "Parklet Impact Study" analyzing three corridors in San Francisco.<ref>{{cite book|last=Pratt|first=Liza|title=Parklet Impact Study|date=January 2010|location=San Francisco, CA|url=http://sfgreatstreets.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Parklet_Impact_Study_wAppendix.pdf}}</ref> From October 2012 to March 2013, Los Angeles research collaborative [http://parkletstudies.carbonmade.com Parklet Studies] worked under the [http://completestreets.dlanc.com/parklets.php Complete Streets Working Group of Downtown Los Angeles Neighborhood Council] to design and implement a one-year study of the Parklets in downtown Los Angeles. The final report was released in March 2013.

==Locations==
In the [[United States]], San Francisco hosts more parklets than any other City.<ref name="SFP2P Website" /> The first one-day parklet installation was created in 2005 as an unofficial [[activism|activist]] project by feeding a [[parking meter]] with coins, unrolling [[sod|grass sod]], and placing a potted tree on top.<ref name="powell">{{cite news|work=San Francisco Chronicle|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/07/13/MNDT1K95SP.DTL&tsp=1|date=13 July 2011|title=Parklets offer a place to pause on busy Powell St.|first=John|last=King}}</ref> The city's "Pavement to Parks" program was formed to facilitate installation of parklets as longer-term, yet still temporary, fixtures.<ref name="Experimenting with the Margin" /> As of 2011 the program had received over 50 applications from sponsors around the city.<ref name="cpdr">{{cite web|last=Stephens|first=Josh|title=‘Parklets’ Create Public Space, 120 Square Feet at a Time|url=http://www.cp-dr.com/node/2977|work=California Planning & Development Report|publisher=California Planning & Development Report|accessdate=29 June 2011}}</ref> In 2011 the Union Square Business Improvement District installed the most ambitious parklet, a 2-block long installation along Powell Street near [[Union Square, San Francisco|Union Square]], funded by a corporate donation by [[Audi]].<ref name="powell"/>

Parklets have sprung up in Phoenix, Philadelphia, Oakland, Los Angeles, San Jose, Dallas, Seattle, San Diego, Vancouver, British Columbia and Morro Bay, CA.<ref name="SFP2P Website">{{cite web|title=Global Map of Parklets, Plazas, and Temporary Programs & Projects|url=http://sfpavementtoparks.sfplanning.org/map.html#global|publisher=San Francisco Pavement to Parks Program}}</ref><ref name=Phil>{{cite web|last=Philadelphia Mayor's Office of Transportation and Utilities|title=Philadelphia Parklet Program Guidelines|url=http://phillymotu.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/parklet-guidelines-2013.pdf|publisher=Philadelphia MOTU}}</ref><ref name="sfg29">{{cite news | first = John | last = King | title = S.F. parklets: a little tour of a major trend | date = 29 December 2011 | url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/12/29/MNNS1MDAHQ.DTL&ao=all | work = SFGate | pages = A1 | accessdate =29 December 2011 | quote = a guided tour of every parklet now open. Some are more welcoming than others. Some already show their age. The best strive to create destinations, not just seating. It's a design experiment being conducted before our eyes, and it's not going away.}}</ref><ref name="oaktrib">{{cite web|last=Artz|first= Matthew|title='Parking spot to park in Oakland|date = 21 March 2012| publisher=Oakland Tribune|url=http://www.insidebayarea.com/ci_20225124/parking-spot-park-oakland#.T2vCUqL4zjU.email}}</ref><ref>https://ca-sanjose.civicplus.com/DocumentCenter/View/10686</ref><ref name="Downtown Phoenix Blog">{{cite news|last=Ray|first=Cabrera|title=First Street Improvement Project in Pictures|date=9 October 2013|publisher=City of Phoenix|url=http://www.downtownphoenix.com/blog/tag/parklet/}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=http://sdotblog.seattle.gov/2013/09/18/seattles-first-parklet-opens-today/|title=Seattle’s first parklet opens today!|date=18 September 2013|publisher=Seattle Department of Transportation}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=http://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2013/aug/27/stringers-north-park-coffee-calabria-parklet/#/|title=North Park coffee roaster gets San Diego's first parklet|date=1 September 2014|publisher=San Diego Reader}}</ref>

Parklets are typically spaces for passive recreation, The first parklets with active recreation were installed in Los Angeles, CA in February 2013. Two sites on Spring Street, in Downtown Los Angeles, each feature two exercise bicycles on site. Upon evaluation, 20% of people surveyed in the sites said they previously used the machines; but only 5% of activity observed recorded use of the machines. Active recreation use of parklets may need some additional motivation to increase use at the exercise machines.<ref name=Eval>{{cite web|last=UCLA Complete Streets Initiative & Parklet Studies|title=Reclaiming the Right-of-Way: Evaluation Report|url=http://www.its.ucla.edu/research/parkletasessment.pdf|work=Lewis Center for Regional Policy Studies|publisher=Luskin School of Public Affairs}}</ref>

Parklets have also been created in [[Mexico]] in [[Puebla de Zaragoza]] during the PueblaDesignFest<ref>{{cite web|title=Inaugura Ayuntamiento de Puebla y Colegio de Arquitectos el concepto Parklets|url=http://www.pueblacapital.gob.mx/noticias/10-noticias/3488-inaugura-ayuntamiento-de-puebla-y-colegio-de-arquitectos-el-concepto-parklets}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=INSTALAN PARKLETS EN PUEBLA|url=http://www.televisaregional.com/puebla/-Instalan-Parklets--en-Puebla-232422351.html|newspaper=Televisa Regional}}</ref>

The first Parklet on the street in London has been installed in July 2015.

==See also==
* [[Pocket park]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* [http://sfpavementtoparks.sfplanning.org/ Pavement to Parks, San Francisco]
* [http://www.adelaidecitycouncil.com/services/permits-licenses/activating-adelaide-splash-adelaide/parklet-program/ Adelaide City Council Parklet Program, South Australia]
* [http://www.cityofchicago.org/city/en/depts/cdot/supp_info/make_way_for_people/people_spot.html, People Spots, Chicago, IL]
* [https://vancouver.ca/streets-transportation/parklets.aspx City of Vancouver, Parklets]
* [http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/pedestrians/streetseats.shtml New York City Department of Transportation, Street Seats]
* [http://www.sanluisobispo.com/2015/01/14/3442310_morro-bay-parklet-pilot-program.html?rh=1 Morro Bay Parklet Pilot Program]
* [http://www.cityspaces.ca/parklet/ Victoria, British Columbia, Canada — Parklet]
* [http://news.hackney.gov.uk/hackney-installs-countrys-first-us-inspired-on-street-micro-park]

[[Category:Urban public parks| ]]
[[Category:Parks]]
[[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure]]
[[Category:Street furniture]]
[[Category:Urban studies and planning]]

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Xtof : Page créée avec « {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2012}} A parklet on [[Valencia Street in San Francisco.]] A '''parklet''' is a sidewalk extension that... »