11th month in the French Republican Calendar, from mid-July to mid-August
Not to be confused with
Thermador (a commercial brand).
Thermidor (French pronunciation: [tɛʁmidɔʁ] month in the French Republican calendar . The month was named after the French word thermal , derived from the Greek word thermos 'heat'.
Thermidor was the second month of the summer quarter (mois d'été ). It started July 19 or 20. It ended August 17 or 18. It follows Messidor and precedes Fructidor . During Year 2, it was sometimes called Fervidor .
Because of the Thermidorian Reaction —9 Thermidor Year II—the overthrow of revolutionary radical Maximilien Robespierre and his followers in that month, the word "Thermidor" has come to mean a retreat from more radical goals and strategies during a revolution, especially when caused by a replacement of leading personalities.
Year: 3
Month: Thermidor
Year: III
Day of the 10-day
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Sunday19 July 1795
2
Monday20 July 1795
3
Tuesday21 July 1795
4
Wednesday22 July 1795
5
Thursday23 July 1795
6
Friday24 July 1795
7
Saturday25 July 1795
8
Sunday26 July 1795
9
Monday27 July 1795
10
Tuesday28 July 1795
décade 32
11
Wednesday29 July 1795
12
Thursday30 July 1795
13
Friday31 July 1795
14
Saturday1 August 1795
15
Sunday2 August 1795
16
Monday3 August 1795
17
Tuesday4 August 1795
18
Wednesday5 August 1795
19
Thursday6 August 1795
20
Friday7 August 1795
décade 33
21
Saturday8 August 1795
22
Sunday9 August 1795
23
Monday10 August 1795
24
Tuesday11 August 1795
25
Wednesday12 August 1795
26
Thursday13 August 1795
27
Friday14 August 1795
28
Saturday15 August 1795
29
Sunday16 August 1795
30
Monday17 August 1795
Decimal time - 10 h/day
Paris
4h39m28s
Thermidor
10:23:13
Time of day - 24 h/day
Greenwich
Conversion between Republican and Gregorian calendar for the years I - XIV
Year: 1
Month: Thermidor
Year: I
Day of the 10-day
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Friday19 July 1793
2
Saturday20 July 1793
3
Sunday21 July 1793
4
Monday22 July 1793
5
Tuesday23 July 1793
6
Wednesday24 July 1793
7
Thursday25 July 1793
8
Friday26 July 1793
9
Saturday27 July 1793
10
Sunday28 July 1793
décade 32
11
Monday29 July 1793
12
Tuesday30 July 1793
13
Wednesday31 July 1793
14
Thursday1 August 1793
15
Friday2 August 1793
16
Saturday3 August 1793
17
Sunday4 August 1793
18
Monday5 August 1793
19
Tuesday6 August 1793
20
Wednesday7 August 1793
décade 33
21
Thursday8 August 1793
22
Friday9 August 1793
23
Saturday10 August 1793
24
Sunday11 August 1793
25
Monday12 August 1793
26
Tuesday13 August 1793
27
Wednesday14 August 1793
28
Thursday15 August 1793
29
Friday16 August 1793
30
Saturday17 August 1793
Decimal time - 10 h/day
Paris
4:32:78
Thermidor
10:23:13
Time of day - 24 h/day
Greenwich
Year: 2
Month: Thermidor
Year: II
Day of the 10-day
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Saturday19 July 1794
2
Sunday20 July 1794
3
Monday21 July 1794
4
Tuesday22 July 1794
5
Wednesday23 July 1794
6
Thursday24 July 1794
7
Friday25 July 1794
8
Saturday26 July 1794
9
Sunday27 July 1794
10
Monday28 July 1794
décade 32
11
Tuesday29 July 1794
12
Wednesday30 July 1794
13
Thursday31 July 1794
14
Friday1 August 1794
15
Saturday2 August 1794
16
Sunday3 August 1794
17
Monday4 August 1794
18
Tuesday5 August 1794
19
Wednesday6 August 1794
20
Thursday7 August 1794
décade 33
21
Friday8 August 1794
22
Saturday9 August 1794
23
Sunday10 August 1794
24
Monday11 August 1794
25
Tuesday12 August 1794
26
Wednesday13 August 1794
27
Thursday14 August 1794
28
Friday15 August 1794
29
Saturday16 August 1794
30
Sunday17 August 1794
Decimal time - 10 h/day
Paris
4:32:78
Thermidor
10:23:13
Time of day - 24 h/day
Greenwich
Year: 3
Month: Thermidor
Year: III
Day of the 10-day
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Sunday19 July 1795
2
Monday20 July 1795
3
Tuesday21 July 1795
4
Wednesday22 July 1795
5
Thursday23 July 1795
6
Friday24 July 1795
7
Saturday25 July 1795
8
Sunday26 July 1795
9
Monday27 July 1795
10
Tuesday28 July 1795
décade 32
11
Wednesday29 July 1795
12
Thursday30 July 1795
13
Friday31 July 1795
14
Saturday1 August 1795
15
Sunday2 August 1795
16
Monday3 August 1795
17
Tuesday4 August 1795
18
Wednesday5 August 1795
19
Thursday6 August 1795
20
Friday7 August 1795
décade 33
21
Saturday8 August 1795
22
Sunday9 August 1795
23
Monday10 August 1795
24
Tuesday11 August 1795
25
Wednesday12 August 1795
26
Thursday13 August 1795
27
Friday14 August 1795
28
Saturday15 August 1795
29
Sunday16 August 1795
30
Monday17 August 1795
Decimal time - 10 h/day
Paris
4:32:78
Thermidor
10:23:13
Time of day - 24 h/day
Greenwich
Year: 4
Month: Thermidor
Year: IV
Day of the 10-day
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Tuesday19 July 1796
2
Wednesday20 July 1796
3
Thursday21 July 1796
4
Friday22 July 1796
5
Saturday23 July 1796
6
Sunday24 July 1796
7
Monday25 July 1796
8
Tuesday26 July 1796
9
Wednesday27 July 1796
10
Thursday28 July 1796
décade 32
11
Friday29 July 1796
12
Saturday30 July 1796
13
Sunday31 July 1796
14
Monday1 August 1796
15
Tuesday2 August 1796
16
Wednesday3 August 1796
17
Thursday4 August 1796
18
Friday5 August 1796
19
Saturday6 August 1796
20
Sunday7 August 1796
décade 33
21
Monday8 August 1796
22
Tuesday9 August 1796
23
Wednesday10 August 1796
24
Thursday11 August 1796
25
Friday12 August 1796
26
Saturday13 August 1796
27
Sunday14 August 1796
28
Monday15 August 1796
29
Tuesday16 August 1796
30
Wednesday17 August 1796
Decimal time - 10 h/day
Paris
4:32:78
Thermidor
10:23:13
Time of day - 24 h/day
Greenwich
Year: 5
Month: Thermidor
Year: V
Day of the 10-day
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Wednesday19 July 1797
2
Thursday20 July 1797
3
Friday21 July 1797
4
Saturday22 July 1797
5
Sunday23 July 1797
6
Monday24 July 1797
7
Tuesday25 July 1797
8
Wednesday26 July 1797
9
Thursday27 July 1797
10
Friday28 July 1797
décade 32
11
Saturday29 July 1797
12
Sunday30 July 1797
13
Monday31 July 1797
14
Tuesday1 August 1797
15
Wednesday2 August 1797
16
Thursday3 August 1797
17
Friday4 August 1797
18
Saturday5 August 1797
19
Sunday6 August 1797
20
Monday7 August 1797
décade 33
21
Tuesday8 August 1797
22
Wednesday9 August 1797
23
Thursday10 August 1797
24
Friday11 August 1797
25
Saturday12 August 1797
26
Sunday13 August 1797
27
Monday14 August 1797
28
Tuesday15 August 1797
29
Wednesday16 August 1797
30
Thursday17 August 1797
Decimal time - 10 h/day
Paris
4:32:78
Thermidor
10:23:13
Time of day - 24 h/day
Greenwich
Year: 6
Month: Thermidor
Year: VI
Day of the 10-day
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Thursday19 July 1798
2
Friday20 July 1798
3
Saturday21 July 1798
4
Sunday22 July 1798
5
Monday23 July 1798
6
Tuesday24 July 1798
7
Wednesday25 July 1798
8
Thursday26 July 1798
9
Friday27 July 1798
10
Saturday28 July 1798
décade 32
11
Sunday29 July 1798
12
Monday30 July 1798
13
Tuesday31 July 1798
14
Wednesday1 August 1798
15
Thursday2 August 1798
16
Friday3 August 1798
17
Saturday4 August 1798
18
Sunday5 August 1798
19
Monday6 August 1798
20
Tuesday7 August 1798
décade 33
21
Wednesday8 August 1798
22
Thursday9 August 1798
23
Friday10 August 1798
24
Saturday11 August 1798
25
Sunday12 August 1798
26
Monday13 August 1798
27
Tuesday14 August 1798
28
Wednesday15 August 1798
29
Thursday16 August 1798
30
Friday17 August 1798
Decimal time - 10 h/day
Paris
4:32:78
Thermidor
10:23:13
Time of day - 24 h/day
Greenwich
Year: 7
Month: Thermidor
Year: VII
Day of the 10-day
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Friday19 July 1799
2
Saturday20 July 1799
3
Sunday21 July 1799
4
Monday22 July 1799
5
Tuesday23 July 1799
6
Wednesday24 July 1799
7
Thursday25 July 1799
8
Friday26 July 1799
9
Saturday27 July 1799
10
Sunday28 July 1799
décade 32
11
Monday29 July 1799
12
Tuesday30 July 1799
13
Wednesday31 July 1799
14
Thursday1 August 1799
15
Friday2 August 1799
16
Saturday3 August 1799
17
Sunday4 August 1799
18
Monday5 August 1799
19
Tuesday6 August 1799
20
Wednesday7 August 1799
décade 33
21
Thursday8 August 1799
22
Friday9 August 1799
23
Saturday10 August 1799
24
Sunday11 August 1799
25
Monday12 August 1799
26
Tuesday13 August 1799
27
Wednesday14 August 1799
28
Thursday15 August 1799
29
Friday16 August 1799
30
Saturday17 August 1799
Decimal time - 10 h/day
Paris
4:32:78
Thermidor
10:23:13
Time of day - 24 h/day
Greenwich
Year: 8
Month: Thermidor
Year: VIII
Day of the 10-day
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Sunday20 July 1800
2
Monday21 July 1800
3
Tuesday22 July 1800
4
Wednesday23 July 1800
5
Thursday24 July 1800
6
Friday25 July 1800
7
Saturday26 July 1800
8
Sunday27 July 1800
9
Monday28 July 1800
10
Tuesday29 July 1800
décade 32
11
Wednesday30 July 1800
12
Thursday31 July 1800
13
Friday1 August 1800
14
Saturday2 August 1800
15
Sunday3 August 1800
16
Monday4 August 1800
17
Tuesday5 August 1800
18
Wednesday6 August 1800
19
Thursday7 August 1800
20
Friday8 August 1800
décade 33
21
Saturday9 August 1800
22
Sunday10 August 1800
23
Monday11 August 1800
24
Tuesday12 August 1800
25
Wednesday13 August 1800
26
Thursday14 August 1800
27
Friday15 August 1800
28
Saturday16 August 1800
29
Sunday17 August 1800
30
Monday18 August 1800
Decimal time - 10 h/day
Paris
4:32:78
Thermidor
10:23:13
Time of day - 24 h/day
Greenwich
Year: 9
Month: Thermidor
Year: IX
Day of the 10-day
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Monday20 July 1801
2
Tuesday21 July 1801
3
Wednesday22 July 1801
4
Thursday23 July 1801
5
Friday24 July 1801
6
Saturday25 July 1801
7
Sunday26 July 1801
8
Monday27 July 1801
9
Tuesday28 July 1801
10
Wednesday29 July 1801
décade 32
11
Thursday30 July 1801
12
Friday31 July 1801
13
Saturday1 August 1801
14
Sunday2 August 1801
15
Monday3 August 1801
16
Tuesday4 August 1801
17
Wednesday5 August 1801
18
Thursday6 August 1801
19
Friday7 August 1801
20
Saturday8 August 1801
décade 33
21
Sunday9 August 1801
22
Monday10 August 1801
23
Tuesday11 August 1801
24
Wednesday12 August 1801
25
Thursday13 August 1801
26
Friday14 August 1801
27
Saturday15 August 1801
28
Sunday16 August 1801
29
Monday17 August 1801
30
Tuesday18 August 1801
Decimal time - 10 h/day
Paris
4:32:78
Thermidor
10:23:13
Time of day - 24 h/day
Greenwich
Year: 10
Month: Thermidor
Year: X
Day of the 10-day
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Tuesday20 July 1802
2
Wednesday21 July 1802
3
Thursday22 July 1802
4
Friday23 July 1802
5
Saturday24 July 1802
6
Sunday25 July 1802
7
Monday26 July 1802
8
Tuesday27 July 1802
9
Wednesday28 July 1802
10
Thursday29 July 1802
décade 32
11
Friday30 July 1802
12
Saturday31 July 1802
13
Sunday1 August 1802
14
Monday2 August 1802
15
Tuesday3 August 1802
16
Wednesday4 August 1802
17
Thursday5 August 1802
18
Friday6 August 1802
19
Saturday7 August 1802
20
Sunday8 August 1802
décade 33
21
Monday9 August 1802
22
Tuesday10 August 1802
23
Wednesday11 August 1802
24
Thursday12 August 1802
25
Friday13 August 1802
26
Saturday14 August 1802
27
Sunday15 August 1802
28
Monday16 August 1802
29
Tuesday17 August 1802
30
Wednesday18 August 1802
Decimal time - 10 h/day
Paris
4:32:78
Thermidor
10:23:13
Time of day - 24 h/day
Greenwich
Year: 11
Month: Thermidor
Year: XI
Day of the 10-day
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Wednesday20 July 1803
2
Thursday21 July 1803
3
Friday22 July 1803
4
Saturday23 July 1803
5
Sunday24 July 1803
6
Monday25 July 1803
7
Tuesday26 July 1803
8
Wednesday27 July 1803
9
Thursday28 July 1803
10
Friday29 July 1803
décade 32
11
Saturday30 July 1803
12
Sunday31 July 1803
13
Monday1 August 1803
14
Tuesday2 August 1803
15
Wednesday3 August 1803
16
Thursday4 August 1803
17
Friday5 August 1803
18
Saturday6 August 1803
19
Sunday7 August 1803
20
Monday8 August 1803
décade 33
21
Tuesday9 August 1803
22
Wednesday10 August 1803
23
Thursday11 August 1803
24
Friday12 August 1803
25
Saturday13 August 1803
26
Sunday14 August 1803
27
Monday15 August 1803
28
Tuesday16 August 1803
29
Wednesday17 August 1803
30
Thursday18 August 1803
Decimal time - 10 h/day
Paris
4:32:78
Thermidor
10:23:13
Time of day - 24 h/day
Greenwich
Year: 12
Month: Thermidor
Year: XII
Day of the 10-day
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Friday20 July 1804
2
Saturday21 July 1804
3
Sunday22 July 1804
4
Monday23 July 1804
5
Tuesday24 July 1804
6
Wednesday25 July 1804
7
Thursday26 July 1804
8
Friday27 July 1804
9
Saturday28 July 1804
10
Sunday29 July 1804
décade 32
11
Monday30 July 1804
12
Tuesday31 July 1804
13
Wednesday1 August 1804
14
Thursday2 August 1804
15
Friday3 August 1804
16
Saturday4 August 1804
17
Sunday5 August 1804
18
Monday6 August 1804
19
Tuesday7 August 1804
20
Wednesday8 August 1804
décade 33
21
Thursday9 August 1804
22
Friday10 August 1804
23
Saturday11 August 1804
24
Sunday12 August 1804
25
Monday13 August 1804
26
Tuesday14 August 1804
27
Wednesday15 August 1804
28
Thursday16 August 1804
29
Friday17 August 1804
30
Saturday18 August 1804
Decimal time - 10 h/day
Paris
4:32:78
Thermidor
10:23:13
Time of day - 24 h/day
Greenwich
Year: 13
Month: Thermidor
Year: XIII
Day of the 10-day
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Saturday20 July 1805
2
Sunday21 July 1805
3
Monday22 July 1805
4
Tuesday23 July 1805
5
Wednesday24 July 1805
6
Thursday25 July 1805
7
Friday26 July 1805
8
Saturday27 July 1805
9
Sunday28 July 1805
10
Monday29 July 1805
décade 32
11
Tuesday30 July 1805
12
Wednesday31 July 1805
13
Thursday1 August 1805
14
Friday2 August 1805
15
Saturday3 August 1805
16
Sunday4 August 1805
17
Monday5 August 1805
18
Tuesday6 August 1805
19
Wednesday7 August 1805
20
Thursday8 August 1805
décade 33
21
Friday9 August 1805
22
Saturday10 August 1805
23
Sunday11 August 1805
24
Monday12 August 1805
25
Tuesday13 August 1805
26
Wednesday14 August 1805
27
Thursday15 August 1805
28
Friday16 August 1805
29
Saturday17 August 1805
30
Sunday18 August 1805
Decimal time - 10 h/day
Paris
4:32:78
Thermidor
10:23:13
Time of day - 24 h/day
Greenwich
Year: 14
Month: Thermidor
Year: XIV
Day of the 10-day
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Sunday20 July 1806
2
Monday21 July 1806
3
Tuesday22 July 1806
4
Wednesday23 July 1806
5
Thursday24 July 1806
6
Friday25 July 1806
7
Saturday26 July 1806
8
Sunday27 July 1806
9
Monday28 July 1806
10
Tuesday29 July 1806
décade 32
11
Wednesday30 July 1806
12
Thursday31 July 1806
13
Friday1 August 1806
14
Saturday2 August 1806
15
Sunday3 August 1806
16
Monday4 August 1806
17
Tuesday5 August 1806
18
Wednesday6 August 1806
19
Thursday7 August 1806
20
Friday8 August 1806
décade 33
21
Saturday9 August 1806
22
Sunday10 August 1806
23
Monday11 August 1806
24
Tuesday12 August 1806
25
Wednesday13 August 1806
26
Thursday14 August 1806
27
Friday15 August 1806
28
Saturday16 August 1806
29
Sunday17 August 1806
30
Monday18 August 1806
Decimal time - 10 h/day
Paris
4:32:78
Thermidor
10:23:13
Time of day - 24 h/day
Greenwich
Day name table
Like all French Republican Calendar months, Thermidor lasted 30 days and was divided into three 10-day weeks called décades (decades). Every day had the name of an agricultural plant, except the 5th (Quintidi) and 10th day (Decadi) of every decade, which had the name of a domestic animal or an agricultural tool, respectively.
Conversion table
Table for conversion between Republican and Gregorian Calendar
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
July
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
August
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
July
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
August
Thermidor in revolution
The Thermidorian Reaction , Revolution of Thermidor , or simply Thermidor refers to the coup of 9 Thermidor (27 July 1794) in which the Committee of Public Safety led by Maximilien Robespierre was sidelined and its leaders arrested and guillotined , resulting in the end of the Reign of Terror . The new regime, known as The Directory , introduced more conservative policies aimed at stabilizing the revolutionary government.
Consequently, for historians of revolutionary movements, the term Thermidor has come to mean the phase in some revolutions when the political pendulum swings back towards something resembling a pre-revolutionary state, and power slips from the hands of the original revolutionary leadership. Leon Trotsky , in his book The Revolution Betrayed Joseph Stalin and the accompanying post-revolutionary bureaucracy as the "Soviet Thermidor".
Thermidor in culture
The food Lobster Thermidor was named, directly or indirectly, after the month. Sometimes it is said that it was first prepared for Napoleon I during the month of Thermidor. Others[who? say that it was created by Tony Girod at the Café de Paris , to celebrate the opening of a play called Thermidor
Thermidor is the name of a story revolving around the end of the French Revolution in Neil Gaiman 's The Sandman
"Thermidor" and "Thermidor 2" were lobster-like robots on Robot Wars
There is a song recorded by J-pop artist Nana Mizuki by the name of "Thermidor". Its lyrics talk about a person in love that is also rethinking his or her personal feelings after realizing that the person they love has changed, and so has the person. Its lyrics mimic the modern definition of Thermidor.
External links
